Cattaneo–Christov heat-mass transfer rheology in third-grade nanoliquid flow confined by stretchable surface subjected to mixed convection

This research addresses buoyancy-driven stretching flow of non-Newtonian (third-grade) rheological liquid confined by a vertically stretchable surface. The nanoliquid considered for modeling encompasses Brownian movement and thermophoresis aspects. Heat-mass transportation characteristics are scrutinized under modern approaches (i.e., Cattaneo–Christov heat-mass fluxes consideration). Such consideration overwhelms the paradoxes of heat conduction and mass diffusion via heat-mass flux relation times. Steady-state and chemically reactive magnetohydrodynamic boundary-layer flow satisfying incompressibility condition is modeled. The governing nonlinear boundary-layer expressions are coupled and highly nonlinear due to mixed convection consideration. The homotopy scheme yielding convergent solutions is implemented. Numerical data along with plots is presented to ensure convergence. The achieved outcomes are exhibited graphically and elaborated thoroughly.