Recent developments and challenges ahead in carbon capture and sequestration technologies

Rapid industrialization and increasing trend of energy utilization resulted into exploitation of natural resources, i.e., fossil fuels, for power generation. This is resulting into addition of huge amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) as greenhouse gas into the environment. By year 2030, the primary production of energy from coal will reach to 3976 Mtoe and CO2 discharge of 38749 MtCO2 per year. In this review paper numerous aspects on carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) technologies have been compiled and discussed. The CO2 can be captured during fuel processing itself or after fuel combustion and transported to the sequestration site for long-term storage. A wide variety of the carbon separation and capture techniques including absorption into liquid, gas phase separation, and adsorption on solid and hybrid processes such as adsorption-membrane systems are discussed. In addition to this, the regulations for CCS, economic analysis and policy issues are addressed.