A statistical model of an atmospheric aerosol is used to analyze the informativeness of lidar measurements of the optical characteristics of an aerosol at wavelengths of an Nd:YAG laser in order to obtain integral microphysical aerosol parameters. Regression equations are derived to reconstruct microphysical parameters of multicomponent aerosols from the data of joint measurements of the aerosol extinction coefficients at λ = 0.355 and 0.532 μm and backscattering coefficients at λ = 0.355 and 1.064 μm. The equations obtained are tested using the AERONET data array.