A homogeneous model of upper layer circulation in Indo-Pacific region

A homogeneous model is proposed to study the upper layer circulation in the Indo-Pacific region, the sources of the Indonesian throughflow (TF) and the North Equatorial Countercurrent (NECC), and the relations of the two with the North Equatorial Current (NEC) and the South Equatorial Current (SEC). The results revealed that the upper layer circulaton, as part of the Pacific Ocean general circulation, is mainly controlled by geostrophic balance; that the NECC's volume transport is mainly supplied by the NEC, and its variation has closer relation to the NEC than the SEC; that the TF, whose volume transport is jointly supplied by the NEC through the Mindanao Current (MC) and the SEC, with the NEC being the first source, has significant influence on the circulation structure; and that a large Celebes Sea cyclonic circulation not mentioned elsewhere so far, exists in the calculated results.