Proposal of novel actuators using conducting polymer laminates

Three kinds of novel actuators based on conducting polymer laminates, polypyrrol, have been proposed and these actuation have been observed in 1.0 M sodium chloride / aqueous solution. It was confirmed that the stick type actuator performed bending actuation with large amplitude, high durability and response. Moreover, in the ring type and lip type actuators, their shapes changed largely. Especially, the lip type actuator closed completely in the reduction state, and it spread largely in the oxidation state.