Long-term outcome after resection for recurrent oesophageal cancer

Background: The efficacy of surgical resection for lymph node (LN) or distant recurrence of oesophageal cancer has not been sufficiently investigated. The objective of this study was to reveal appropriate indications for a surgical approach. Methods: A total of 42 patients who underwent resection for recurrent or residual oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma after surgery or definitive chemoradiotherapy (dCRT) between April 2004 and August 2016 were identified. These resections did not include salvage oesophagectomy. The long-term outcomes of these patients were retrospectively analysed. Results: Thirty-three patients underwent LN resection, 6 patients underwent lung resection, and 3 patients underwent resection for other recurrent tumours. The 5-year overall survival (OS) of patients who underwent salvage abdominal lymphadenectomy after dCRT was significantly better than that of patients who underwent salvage cervical or mediastinal lymphadenectomy (46.9% vs. 0.0%, P=0.006). The 5-year OS of patients who underwent salvage resection for LNs outside the radiation field was significantly better than that of patients who underwent resection inside the radiation field (47.6% vs. 8.9%, P=0.027). The 5-year OS of patients who underwent salvage resection for recurrent LNs was significantly better than that of patients who underwent salvage resection for residual LNs (21.7% vs. 0.0%, P<0.001). Among the 42 patients, 9 survived more than 3 years: 4 after salvage abdominal lymphadenectomy, 3 after resection for solitary lung recurrence, and 2 others. Conclusions: The use of the appropriate surgical approach might improve the prognosis of patients with abdominal LN recurrence, LN recurrence outside the radiation field, or a solitary lung recurrence of oesophageal cancer.