Predicting disease-related and patient-reported outcomes in older patients with breast cancer-a systematic review

The number of older patients with breast cancer has increased due to the aging of the general population. The use of a geriatric assessment in this population has been advocated in many studies and guidelines as it can be used to identify high risk populations for early mortality and toxicity. Additionally, geriatric parameters could predict relevant outcome measures. This systematic review summarizes all available evidence on predictive factors for various outcomes (disease-related and survival, toxicity, and patient-reported outcomes), with a special focus on geriatric parameters and patient-reported outcomes, in older patients with breast cancer. Studies were identified through systematic review of the literature published up to September 1st 2019 in the PubMed database and EMBASe. A total of 173 studies were included. Most studies investigated disease-related and survival outcomes (n = 123, 71%). Toxicity was investigated in 40 studies (23%) and a mere 15% (n = 26) investigated patient-reported outcomes. Various measures that can be derived from a geriatric assessment were predictive for survival endpoints. Furthermore, geriatric parameters were among the most frequently found predictors for toxicity and patient-reported outcomes. In conclusion, this study shows that geriatric parameters can predict survival, toxicity, and patient-reported outcomes in older patients with breast cancer. These findings can be used in daily clinical practice to identify patients at risk of early mortality, high risk of treatment toxicity or poor functional outcome after treatment. A minority of studies used relevant outcome measures for older patients, showing the need for studies that are tailored to the older population. (c) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).