Land holdings and outward foreign direct investment: Evidence from China

Land transaction data and data on the outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) by Chinese listed firms are analyzed to find that a firm's land holdings have positive effects on its like-lihood of investing overseas, the frequency of such investments, and the value invested. We use prefecture-level land supply area and price as instrumental variables to deal with the endogeneity problem and get consistent results. Our analysis suggests that firms can obtain better loan terms with land as collateral, and that more affordable funding promotes OFDI. Non-state-owned enterprises rely on land as collateral in this way more than state-owned enterprises. Such use of collateral is more pronounced for firms operating in pro-vinces with poor local institutions and in host countries with better institutional quality.(c) 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.