AGGREGATE LOAD MODELS FOR DEMAND RESPONSE: EXPLORING FLEXIBILITY

This paper describes new aggregate load models of batteries, electric vehicles (EVs) and deferrable appliances (DAs), for use in demand response (DR). Compared to other models that have previously appeared in the literature, the low order models we propose aggregate large populations of devices that share certain parameters. The models also reveal various characteristics of populations of DR devices, such as aggregate energy demand, flexibility and ramping potential. We further look at the different ways the aggregate model consumes energy, identify strategies that bound all others in terms of stored energy and use those to predict the future feasible operating region.