Technologies of the Body: Polite Consumption and the Correction of Deformity in Eighteenth-Century England

Advertisements for a variety of products aimed at correcting or concealing physical deformities' - including rupture trusses, artificial limbs, and more elaborate machines to correct posture by straightening the spine - were prominent features of later eighteenth-century newspapers. This article examines ways in which these products offered ways of fashioning the body that not only restored functional capability, but also offered aesthetic improvement, producing a shape that both appeared natural' and was pleasing to others. Indeed, although many technologies of the body may have been intended first and foremost to restore the injured to economic productivity, manufacturers used a language of polite commerce to address users not as medicalized patients' but as sophisticated consumers. The development of these products took place against a cultural shift in which using artificial means to effect physical improvement' lost its previous association with pride and became prescribed as a duty for those wishing to succeed in polite society. This article shows how concepts of politeness and technologies of the body were interwoven in complex and surprising ways, and uses its material to question the status of these products as medical'. In the process, it examines the ways in which suppliers addressed the aspirations and experiences of deformed' consumers in the eighteenth-century world of goods.