Development of a treatment outcome standard as a result of a clinical audit of the outcome of fixed appliance therapy undertaken by hospital-based consultant orthodontists in the UK.

Bristol's much-publicised cardiac surgery problems and subsequent enquiry(1) have drawn attention to the need for audit of treatment outcomes throughout all hospital specialties. Patient anxiety, government policy and the desire of the professions to re-establish public confidence, have further encouraged changes to the system. For medical and dental specialities, such challenges have already been taken up by the Royal Colleges with the establishment of clinical effectiveness committees. Hospitals have modified their procedures and, for consultants, yearly appraisal is already a reality. The Orthodontic Clinical Effectiveness Working Party of the Royal College of Surgeons of England (now the Clinical Effectiveness Committee of the British Orthodontic Society) set up this audit to measure the outcome of fixed appliance treatment and to establish a benchmark for the standard of treatment to be expected from a consultant orthodontist. This paper describes how the audit was carried out, presents the findings and goes on to discuss some of the wider issues involved in audit, clinical governance and appraisal. The Consultant Orthodontists Group of the British Orthodontic Society funded this audit and the results and data set of dental casts remain their property.