Similarity and inhibition in long-term memory: Evidence for a two-factor theory

被引:127
作者
Anderson, MC [1 ]
Green, C
McCulloch, KC
机构
[1] Univ Oregon, Dept Psychol, Eugene, OR 97403 USA
[2] NYU, Dept Psychol, New York, NY 10003 USA
关键词
D O I
10.1037/0278-7393.26.5.1141
中图分类号
B84 [心理学];
学科分类号
04 ; 0402 ;
摘要
Recalling a past experience often requires the suppression of related memories that compete with the retrieval target, causing memory impairment known as retrieval-induced forgetting. Two experiments examined how retrieval-induced forgetting varies with the similarity of the competitor and the target item (target-competitor similarity) and with the similarity between the competitors themselves (competitor-competitor similarity). According to the pattern-suppression model (M. C. Anderson & B. A. Spellman, 1995), high target-competitor similarity should reduce impairment, whereas high competitor-competitor similarity should increase it. Both predictions were supported: Encoding target-competitor similarities not only eliminated retrieval-induced forgetting but also reversed it, whereas encoding competitor-competitor similarities increased impairment. The differing effects of target-competitor and competitor-competitor similarity may resolve conflicting results concerning the effects of similarity on inhibition.
引用
收藏
页码:1141 / 1159
页数:19
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