Credit and financial markets in the Iberian Peninsula at the end of the Middle Ages. Historiographic production and recent developments

The article examines the trajectory of studies on credit and financial markets in the Iberian Peninsula at the end of the Middle Ages, from the first works on usury and interest-bearing loans, mainly Jewish, in the first half of the 20th century, to the most recent lines of research, which branch out in different directions, from the theoretical, doctrinal and legal framework of the credit market and the study of the different financial instruments -interest loans, commercial and bank credit, long-term credit in the form of censales and censos consignativos- to public debt and private credit, especially rural credit. All these studies show the vigor and fruitfulness of a substantial, nuclear, subject of study that appeals to multiple areas of knowledge, from rural and agrarian history to urban, fiscal and financial history. It also shows the vitality of an economic history that continues to be more historical than econometric, with quantitative data and methods, but without the need to impose contemporary, neoclassical or neoliberal, logics on the economies of the past.