Using the Dirac's theory of constraints, procedure of reduction of field degrees of freedom, whose number is restricted by equations of motion and topological conditions, is proposed. Such a procedure is applied in the case of space with the topology of a torus to the Chern-Simons gravity generalized by inclusion of a source. It is shown that in this system some modular transformations preserving the volume do not lead to physically equivalent states. Such a breaking of modular symmetry reduces the degeneration of quantum states with preservation of continuous spectrum of the volume operator. Probability of transition between spaces of different volumes is computed.
机构:
Sogang Univ, Ctr Quantum Space Time, Seoul 121742, South KoreaSogang Univ, Ctr Quantum Space Time, Seoul 121742, South Korea
Moon, Taeyoon
Myung, Yun Soo
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Inje Univ, Inst Basic Sci, Gimhae 621749, South Korea
Inje Univ, Sch Comp Aided Sci, Gimhae 621749, South KoreaSogang Univ, Ctr Quantum Space Time, Seoul 121742, South Korea
机构:
Cornell Univ, Ctr Radiophys & Space Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USACornell Univ, Ctr Radiophys & Space Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
Dyda, Sergei
Flanagan, Eanna E.
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Cornell Univ, Ctr Radiophys & Space Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
Cornell Univ, Lab Elementary Particle Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USACornell Univ, Ctr Radiophys & Space Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
Flanagan, Eanna E.
Kamionkowski, Marc
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Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USACornell Univ, Ctr Radiophys & Space Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA