Real-life distribution state estimation integrated in the distribution management system

The article presents a robust real-life distribution state estimation (DSE) that is integrated in the distribution management system. The DSE optimization procedure is developed in full accordance with the nature of distribution networks and their back/forward sweep-based load flow calculation. Thus, DSE is conceptually different from the traditional (transmission) state estimation. The article proves that the proposed DSE, even with relatively low level of telemetry and large dimensions of distribution networks, not only is possible as a function with value of its own but also provides a foundation for other important distribution management system functions. The procedure is the result of both research studies carried out in the last several years and real-life applications worldwide. Thus, this article offers DSE as an industry-grade product.