A comparative analysis of lumbar spine mechanics during barbell- and crate-lifting: implications for occupational lifting task assessments

Purpose. To compare the effects of object handled and handgrip used on lumbar spine motion and loading during occupational lifting task simulations. Methods. Eight male and eight female volunteers performed barbell and crate lifts with a pronated (barbell) and a neutral (crate) handgrip. The mass of barbells/crates lifted was identical across the objects and fixed at 11.6 and 9.3 kg for men and women, respectively. The initial heights of barbells/crates were individualized to mid-shank level. Body segment kinematics and foot-ground reaction kinetics were collected, and then input into an electromyography-assisted dynamic biomechanical model to quantify lumbar spine motion and loading. Results. Lumbar compression and net lumbosacral moment magnitudes were 416 N and 17 Nm lower when lifting a barbell than when lifting a crate (p < 0.001), respectively. There were no between-condition differences in lumbar flexion displacements (p > 0.392) or flexion/extension velocities (p > 0.085). Conclusions. Crate- and barbell-lifting tasks can be used interchangeably if assessing lifting mechanics based on peak spine motion variables. If assessments are based on the spine loading responses to task demands, however, then crate- and barbell-lifting tasks cannot be used interchangeably.