High blood pressure in children and adolescents: lights and shadows in the American Academy of Pediatrics clinical practice guidelines

High blood pressure in pediatric age is meeting a growing interest owing to the possible aftermaths in adult age in terms of public health. In fact, children and adolescents with high blood pressure values are likely to become hypertensive adults, thus developing cardiovascular diseases. Over the last decade, numerous studies have been conducted in this field. That is the reason why the American Academy of Pediatrics in 2017 published un update on the previous recommendations of the United States Fourth Working Group on pediatric blood pressure. This update includes a new classification of hypertension, the endorsement of the 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and the reduction in the blood pressure target for both chronic kidney disease and non-chronic kidney disease hypertensive children. This review discusses strengths and weaknesses of the recent practical guidelines of the American Academy of Pediatrics. © 2021 Il Pensiero Scientifico Editore