Semi-supervised fault diagnosis of machinery using LPS-DGAT under speed fluctuation and extremely low labeled rates

Recent research in semi-supervised fault diagnosis of machinery based on graph neural networks (GNNs) still has some problems, such as insufficient label information mining, static feature extraction of neighbor nodes, and relatively ideal diagnosis scenarios. In engineering practice, machinery often runs under speed fluctuation such as start-stop process, and labeling samples becomes increasingly expensive. To deal with the above challenges, a new semi-supervised fault diagnosis method called label propagation strategy and dynamic graph attention network (LPS-DGAT) is proposed in this paper. The designed LPS can take full advantage of the label co-dependency between samples, so as to realize the full utilization of the limited label information. The constructed DGAT by dynamic attention can effectively extract feature information of the different neighbor nodes under speed fluctuation. The proposed method is used to analyze the vibration signals of bearing and gear under speed fluctuation, and the comparison results show that even in the extreme situations where the labeled rates are no more than 1%, the proposed method can still accurately extract discriminative features and diagnose different fault modes, which is better than other GNNs.