Rusticyanin, a bacterial electron transfer protein, causes G1 arrest in J774 and apoptosis in human cancer cells

During acid mine drainage, Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, a nonpathogenic, acidophilic, lithotrophic bacterium, utilizes rusticyanin to transfer electrons for the oxidation of Fe2+ to Fe3+ for deriving its energy. No other function of rusticyanin is known. We demonstrate that purified rusticyanin enters mammalian cells inducing either inhibition of cell cycle progression or caspase-8 mediated apoptosis. Treatment of human melanoma cells with rusticyanin allowed significant generation of reactive oxygen species and active caspase-8, leading to cell death. The ability of rusticyanin to modulate mammalian cell death might be relevant to a role of this cupredoxin in protecting At. ferrooxidans from eukaryotic predators in the environment.