Stability of golf club motion and EMG when swinging

This paper examines the relationship between golf club motion and muscle strain when swinging a golf club. It is qualitatively known in the field of sports that strong straining of the muscle when swinging leads to ill form. Many famous sports players say that sports training must be repeated to know how to relax one's muscles. In this study, we experimentally investigated the relation between strain in muscle and fluctuation of golf club loci. We found that advanced players hardly strain their muscles under unnecessary situations, whereas novice players strain their muscles strongly throughout the swing. The standard deviation of the angle of the golf club head upon impact with the ball is proportional to the magnitude of EMG in the interval just before impact.