Two-phase equilibria of metal ions in pulping process from impregnation to oxygen delignification. Part II. Metal ion balances

Metal ion balances at different stages of the pulping process have been studied. Pulp samples were taken from two modern kraft pulp mills using modified batch cooking process. One of these produces displacement batch cooked kraft pulp from a mixture of coniferous trees and the other from both birch and pine. The metal ion concentrations of Na, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe, Mn, A, Ba and Si in wood chips, in the liquid and in the fibre phases, determined by using DCP-AES, ICP-MS and AAS analysis techniques (presented in Part 1), were used to calculate the balances of these elements in the selected pulping processes.