Optical coherence tomography using physical domain data compression to achieve MHz A-scan rates

The three-dimensional volumetric imaging capability of optical coherence tomography (OCT) leads to the generation of large amounts of data, which necessitates high speed acquisition followed by high dimensional image processing and visualization. This signal acquisition and processing pipeline demands high A-scan rates on the front end, which has driven researchers to push A-scan acquisition rates into the MHz regime. To this end, the optical time-stretch approach uses a mode locked laser (MLL) source, dispersion in optical fiber, and a single analog-to-digital converter (ADC) to achieve multi-MHz A-scan rates. While enabling impressive performance this Nyquist sampling approach is ultimately constrained by the sampling rate and bandwidth of the ADC. Additionally such an approach generates massive amounts of data. Here we present a compressed sensing (CS) OCT system that uses a MLL, electro-optic modulation, and optical dispersion to implement data compression in the physical domain and rapidly acquire real-time compressed measurements of the OCT signals. Compression in the analog domain prior to digitization allows for the use of lower bandwidth ADCs, which reduces cost and decreases the required data capacity of the sampling interface. By leveraging a compressive A-scan optical sampling approach and the joint sparsity of C-scan data we demonstrate 14.4-MHz to 144-MHz A-scan acquisition speeds using a sub-Nyquist 1.44 Gsample/sec ADC sampling rate. Furthermore we evaluate the impact of data compression and resulting imaging speed on image quality. (C) 2019 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement