A prevailing narrative explaining tobacco addiction is that uptake of nicotine in the brain causes dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens which rewards the behaviour that led to it. However, evidence suggests that in this and other addictive disorders a more nuanced and multi-level model is required that recognizes how dopamine interacts with other parts of a complex system to maintain maladaptive behaviour patterns.
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Univ Nottingham, Acad Div Clin Neurosci, Queens Med Ctr, Nottingham, EnglandUniv Nottingham, Acad Div Clin Neurosci, Queens Med Ctr, Nottingham, England
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Univ Porto, Dept Surg & Physiol, Unit Ophthalmol, Fac Med, Porto, PortugalUniv Porto, Dept Surg & Physiol, Unit Ophthalmol, Fac Med, Porto, Portugal
Rocha De Sousa, A.
Mendonca, C.
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Univ Porto, Dept Surg & Physiol, Unit Ophthalmol, Fac Med, Porto, PortugalUniv Porto, Dept Surg & Physiol, Unit Ophthalmol, Fac Med, Porto, Portugal
Mendonca, C.
Alves-Faria, P.
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Ctr Hosp Sao Joao, Ophthalmol, Porto, PortugalUniv Porto, Dept Surg & Physiol, Unit Ophthalmol, Fac Med, Porto, Portugal
Alves-Faria, P.
Gouveia, P.
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Ctr Hosp Sao Joao, Ophthalmol, Porto, PortugalUniv Porto, Dept Surg & Physiol, Unit Ophthalmol, Fac Med, Porto, Portugal
Gouveia, P.
Faicao, M.
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Univ Porto, Dept Surg & Physiol, Unit Ophthalmol, Fac Med, Porto, PortugalUniv Porto, Dept Surg & Physiol, Unit Ophthalmol, Fac Med, Porto, Portugal