Flavobacterium cerinum sp. nov., isolated from Arctic tundra soil

In the present paper, we describe a new species of the genus Flavobacterium, designated as strain 1E403(T), which was isolated from a soil sample collected from the Arctic. Strain 1E403(T)- was Gram-stain-negative, yellow-pigmented, rod-shaped, gliding and aerobic. Growth occurred at 4-37 degrees C (optimum, 28 degrees C), pH 6.0-9.0 (pH 7.0) and with 0-2 % (w/v) NaCl (0 %) on modified marine agar 2216. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that strain 1E403(T) was affiliated with the genus Flavobacterium and was more closely related to Flavobacterium subsaxonicum DSM 21790(T) (96.6 %) than to other species. In silico genomic comparisons, including average nucleotide identity and the digital DNA-DNA hybridization values, showed 73.9 % and 18.8 % identity to the closest relative Flavobacterium subsaxonicum DSM 21790(T), respectively. The average amino acid identity value between strain 1E403(T)- and Flavobacterium aquatile DSM 1132(T) was 63.8 %. The DNA G+C content of the strain was 36.8 %, while the sole respiratory quinone was menaquinone-6. Iso-C-15:0 and summed feature 3 (C-16:1 omega 7c and/or C-16:(1)omega 6c) were the major fatty acids (>10 %) of strain 1E403(T). The polar lipid profile of strain 1E403(T) contained phosphatidylethanolamine, four unidentified aminolipids and two unidentified phospholipids. Based on the phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic characteristics and phylogenetic inference, strain 1E403(T )represents a novel species of the genus Flavobacterium, and we propose the name Flavobacterium cerinum sp. nov. The type strain of Flavobacterium cerinum sp. nov. is 1E403(T) (=KCTC 62960(T) =MCCC 1H00356(T)).