共 28 条
- [1] Detecting Compton Reflection and a Broad Iron Line in MCG -5-23-16 With RXTEAstrophysical Journal, 498 (01):Weather, K. A.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0Krolik, J. H.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0Pier, E. A.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0
- [2] RXTE detection of broad iron line and reflection continuum in MCG-6-30-15ACCRETION PROCESSES IN ASTROPHYSICAL SYSTEMS: SOME LIKE IT HOT!, 1998, (431): : 195 - 198Lee, JC论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, EnglandFabian, AC论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, EnglandIwasawa, K论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, EnglandReynolds, CS论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, EnglandBrandt, WN论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England
- [3] RXTE and BeppoSAX observations of MCG-5-23-16:: Reflection from distant cold materialASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2004, 601 (02): : 771 - 777Mattson, BJ论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, High Energy Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, High Energy Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USAWeaver, KA论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, High Energy Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, High Energy Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA
- [4] Revealing the high energy emission from the obscured Seyfert galaxy MCG -5-23-16 with SuzakuPublications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, 2007, 59 (1 SPEC. ISS.)Reeves, James N.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Exploration of the Universe Division, Code 662, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, United States Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States Exploration of the Universe Division, Code 662, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, United StatesAwaki, Hisamitsu论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Department of Physics, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyocho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan Exploration of the Universe Division, Code 662, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, United StatesDewangan, Gulab C.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States Exploration of the Universe Division, Code 662, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, United StatesFabian, Andy C.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HA, United Kingdom Exploration of the Universe Division, Code 662, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, United StatesFukazawa, Yasushi论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Department of Physical Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan Exploration of the Universe Division, Code 662, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, United StatesGallo, Luigi论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik, Postfach 1312, Garching, Germany Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510, Japan Exploration of the Universe Division, Code 662, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, United States论文数: 引用数: h-index:机构:Inoue, Hajime论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510, Japan Exploration of the Universe Division, Code 662, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, United StatesKunieda, Hideyo论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510, Japan Department of Physics, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan Exploration of the Universe Division, Code 662, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, United StatesMarkowitz, Alex论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Exploration of the Universe Division, Code 662, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, United States Exploration of the Universe Division, Code 662, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, United StatesMiniutti, Giovanni论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HA, United Kingdom Exploration of the Universe Division, Code 662, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, United StatesMizuno, Tsunefumi论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Department of Physical Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan Exploration of the Universe Division, Code 662, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, United StatesMushotzky, Richard论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Exploration of the Universe Division, Code 662, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, United States Exploration of the Universe Division, Code 662, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, United StatesOkajima, Takashi论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Exploration of the Universe Division, Code 662, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, United States Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States Exploration of the Universe Division, Code 662, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, United StatesPtak, Andy论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Exploration of the Universe Division, Code 662, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, United States Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States Exploration of the Universe Division, Code 662, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, United StatesTakahashi, Tadayuki论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510, Japan Exploration of the Universe Division, Code 662, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, United StatesTerashima, Yuichi论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Department of Physics, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyocho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510, Japan Exploration of the Universe Division, Code 662, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, United StatesUshio, Masayoshi论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510, Japan Exploration of the Universe Division, Code 662, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, United StatesWatanabe, Shin论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510, Japan Exploration of the Universe Division, Code 662, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, United StatesYamasaki, Tomonori论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Department of Physical Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan Exploration of the Universe Division, Code 662, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, United StatesYamauchi, Makoto论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Department of Applied Physics, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen-Kibanadai-Nishi, Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan Exploration of the Universe Division, Code 662, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, United StatesYaqoob, Tahir论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Exploration of the Universe Division, Code 662, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, United States Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States Exploration of the Universe Division, Code 662, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, United States
- [5] The iron emission line complex of MCG-5-23-16: the long XMM-Newton lookASTRONOMISCHE NACHRICHTEN, 2006, 327 (10) : 1067 - 1070Braito, V.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USAReeves, J. N.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USADewangan, G.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USAGeorge, I.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USAGriffiths, R.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USAMarkowitz, A.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USANandra, K.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USAPorquet, D.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USAPtak, A.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USATurner, T. J.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USAYaqoob, T.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USAWeaver, K.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA
- [6] XMM-Newton observations of broad iron Kα emission from Seyfert 1.9 galaxy MCG-5-23-16ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2003, 592 (01): : 52 - 61Dewangan, GC论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USAGriffiths, RE论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USASchurch, NJ论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
- [7] Detection of Asymmetry in the Narrow Fe Kα Emission Line in MCG-5-23-16 with ChandraASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2024, 963 (01):Liu, Victor论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Yale Univ, Dept Astron, 219 Prospect St, New Haven, CT 06511 USA NASA, HEASARC, GSFC, Code 6601, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, CRESST 2, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA Yale Univ, Dept Astron, 219 Prospect St, New Haven, CT 06511 USAZoghbi, Abderahmen论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: NASA, HEASARC, GSFC, Code 6601, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, CRESST 2, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA Yale Univ, Dept Astron, 219 Prospect St, New Haven, CT 06511 USAMiller, Jon M.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, 1085 South Univ Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA Yale Univ, Dept Astron, 219 Prospect St, New Haven, CT 06511 USA
- [8] Relativistic iron K emission and absorption in the seyfert 1.9 galaxy MCG-5-23-16ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2007, 670 (02): : 978 - 991Braito, V.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USAReeves, J. N.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USADewangan, G. C.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USAGeorge, I.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USAGriffiths, R. E.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USAMarkowitz, A.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USANandra, K.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USAPorquet, D.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USAPtak, A.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USATurner, T. J.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USAYaqoob, T.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USAWeaver, K.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA
- [9] OBSERVATIONS OF MCG-5-23-16 WITH SUZAKU, XMM-NEWTON AND NUSTAR: DISK TOMOGRAPHY AND COMPTON HUMP REVERBERATIONASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2014, 789 (01):Zoghbi, A.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA Joint Space Sci Inst JSI, College Pk, MD 20742 USA Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USACackett, E. M.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Wayne State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Detroit, MI 48201 USA Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA论文数: 引用数: h-index:机构:Kara, E.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USAHarrison, F. A.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: CALTECH, Cahill Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USAFabian, A. C.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USALohfink, A.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA论文数: 引用数: h-index:机构:Balokovic, M.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: CALTECH, Cahill Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USABoggs, S. E.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USAChristensen, F. E.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Tech Univ Denmark, Natl Space Inst, DTU Space, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USACraig, W.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USAHailey, C. J.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USAStern, D.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USAZhang, W. W.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA
- [10] A Long Look at MCG-5-23-16 with NuSTAR. I. Relativistic Reflection and Coronal PropertiesASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2017, 836 (01):论文数: 引用数: h-index:机构:论文数: 引用数: h-index:机构:Miller, J. M.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USALohfink, A. M.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 OHA, England Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USAWalton, D. J.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USABallantyne, D. R.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Ctr Relativist Astrophys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USAGarcia, J. A.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA CALTECH, Space Radiat Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USAStern, D.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USAKoss, M. J.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: ETH, Dept Phys, Inst Astron, Wolfgang Pauli Str 27, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USAFarrah, D.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Virginia Tech, Dept Phys, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USAHarrison, F. A.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USABoggs, S. E.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USAChristensen, F. E.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Tech Univ Denmark, Natl Space Inst, DTU Space, Elektrovej 327, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USACraig, W.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USAHailey, C. J.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USAZhang, W. W.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 662, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA