Green fertilizers as a way to preserve fertility of ordinary chernozem

The effectiveness of green fertilizers depends on the type, productivity and method of using green manure crops. The more and better the green mass of manure crops, the better the effect. In our studies, such green manure crops as sainfoin, rapeseed, white mustard, chickpeas and a mixture of legumes (spring barley + peas) were used. During the beginning of flowering, they were planted. The maximum content of the biomass of air-dry matter for sainfoin and a legume mixture was 5.85 and 5.61 t /ha, respectively. The highest rates of green mass for sainfoin was 3.74 t/ha. For other green manure crops, the differences varied from 1.19 to 3.12 t/ha. Analysis of nutrients in the soil showed that after planting green manure in the arable layer, the amount of mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium increased. The highest content of nutritional elements was for nitrate nitrogen after sainfoin, mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium after rapeseed. Green manure crops (chickpea, rapeseed and white mustard) have a beneficial effect about content agronomically valuable units 10.0 ... 0.25 mm in soil layer of 0 ... 30 cm and improve soil structure. Thus, it was found that siderates enrich the soil with organic matter and basic nutrients, which improves the nutrition of grain crops at the initial stages of development and preserves the soil fertility of ordinary chernozem.