Examining tidal impacts on seasonal circulation and hydrography variability over the eastern Canadian shelf using a coupled circulation-ice regional model

A coupled circulation and sea ice model is used to examine the tidal impacts on the seasonal variability of circulation, hydrography and sea ice over the eastern Canadian shelf (ECS). The model performance is assessed using in-situ and satellite remote sensing observations. The tidal impacts have significant spatial variability, which are relatively small over the Labrador and Newfoundland Shelves, moderate over the Scotian Shelf (ScS), and significant over the St. Lawrence River Estuary (SLRE), northwestern Gulf of St. Lawrence (GSL), southwestern ScS, Gulf of Maine (GoM), Bay of Fundy (BoF), and the northern flank of Georges Bank (GeB). The tidal impacts on the seasonal mean circulation are greater in winter than in summer in the SLRE, while greater in summer than in winter over several other areas in the GSL, the GoM-BoF and the southwest ScS. The tidal impacts on temperature and salinity are the most significant near fronts, where both tidal mixing and frontal circulation play important roles. The tidal residual circulation, especially that due to tidal rectification in the GSL and GoM-BoF, spreads the large tidal impacts generated near fronts into broader areas. The changes in circulation and stratification also account for the reduced sea ice concentrations in the GSL.