Perioperative Geriatric Assessment as A Predictor of Long-Term Hepatectomy Outcomes in Elderly Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Simple Summary Older patients are considered to have increased risk for complications and survival after major surgery, but age alone is not a reliable predictor of post-operative complications and outcomes. To date, no universal screening test adequately predicts postoperative outcomes in older patients. This retrospective study recorded pertinent baseline geriatric assessment variables to identify risk factors for recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) for patients aged >= 70 years who undergo hepatectomy. The change of geriatric 8 (G8) at six months postoperatively was the most significant predictive factor for RFS and OS among various geriatric assessments. G8 score is a useful screening method for older HCC patients who qualify for elective liver resection. This retrospective study recorded pertinent baseline geriatric assessment variables to identify risk factors for recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) after hepatectomy in 100 consecutive patients aged >= 70 years with hepatocellular carcinoma. Patients had geriatric assessments of cognition, nutritional and functional statuses, and comorbidity burden, both preoperatively and at six months postoperatively. The rate of change in each score between preoperative and postoperative assessments was calculated by subtracting the preoperative score from the score at six months postoperatively, then dividing by the score at six months postoperatively. Patients with score change >= 0 comprised the maintenance group, while patients with score change <0 comprised the reduction group. The change in Geriatric 8 (G8) score at six months postoperatively was the most significant predictive factor for RFS and OS among the tested geriatric assessments. Five-year RFS rates were 43.4% vs. 6.7% (maintenance vs. reduction group; HR, 0.19; 95%CI, 0.11-0.31; p < 0.001). Five-year OS rates were 73.8% vs. 17.8% (HR, 0.12; 95%CI, 0.06-0.25; p < 0.001). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis showed that perioperative maintenance of G8 score was an independent prognostic indicator for both RFS and OS. Perioperative changes in G8 scores can help forecast postoperative long-term outcomes in these patients.