Occurrence of the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus in Portugal and perspectives of the disease spread in Europe

In 1999, the pine wood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus was found and identified for the first time in Portugal and in Europe. Following detection, Portuguese authorities initiated the implementation of eradication measures during 1999 and 2000, following an alert provided to European Community officials; as a result, the nematode was confirmed to be confined to the Setubal region, near Lisbon. A task force from the follow-up group (GANP) created by the Secretary of State for the Rural Development established a national eradication programme (PROLUNP) to: i) contain PWN within the initial geographic limits; ii) implement eradication measures; and iii) monitor PWN at a national level. Research is presently being conducted both at universities and research institutes, focusing on the characterisation of Bursaphelenchus species associated with maritime pine, as well as on the insect vector, Monochamus galloprovincialis. Recent reports indicate that the nematode may be present in Siberia (Russia), which would present a threat to eastern European forestry. Efforts are presently being made by several European countries to establish a research consortium to detect and study the possible presence of PWN, for a new PRA. A recent workshop held in Portugal, in 2001, has been an opportunity to share experiences and techniques on detection and control. There is clearly a greater awareness of this issue in Europe.