Reviewing energy poverty from Spain. Towards an enriched framework

This paper reviews the evolution of the concept of energy poverty over time. Furthermore, the paper analyzes the different indicators that are used to quantify it. In Spain, the definition and indicators are proposed in accordance with the most recent approaches to the issue. However, measures are proposed so that the managed indicators better reflect the depth of the conceptual definition. This requires enriching the framework using the different phases described in the capabilities and needs approach, with a multidimensional and multi-actor vision. Thus, the less frequent concepts of sufficiency and adequacy are introduced in the study into energy poverty along with the most frequent concepts of energy efficiency and affordability. Accessibility is also addressed, albeit more typical in developing countries. It is concluded that in order to qualify energy poverty it is necessary to carry out a specific survey that collects more data than are currently available.