Modern dietary concepts for type 2 diabetes

A Mediterranean diet has been shown to be effective in the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes. However, a low carbohydrate and high protein diet have also shown positive effects on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes and need to be investigated regarding long-term safety and effectiveness. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of a protective dietary pattern allows integration into an individualized dietary recommendation considering personal preferences and thus increasing patient compliance. A modern concept of diet therapy in type 2 diabetes includes a low glycemic index and low glycemic load diet with a high content of monounsaturated fatty acids as well as a high intake of fiber and secondary plant compounds. The etiology of type 2 diabetes is diverse and reveals the heterogeneity of the disease. The idea of an individualized targeted nutritional therapy is appealing and requires further investigation.