Plea bargaining outside the shadow of trial

被引:433
|
作者
Bibas, S [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
[2] US Attorney Criminal Div, New York, NY USA
关键词
D O I
10.2307/4093404
中图分类号
D9 [法律]; DF [法律];
学科分类号
0301 ;
摘要
Plea-bargaining literature predicts that parties strike plea bargains in the shadow of expected trial outcomes. In other words, parties forecast the expected sentence after trial, discount it by the probability of acquittal, and offer some proportional discount. This oversimplified model ignores how structural distortions skew bargaining outcomes. Agency costs; attorney competence, compensation, and workloads; resources; sentencing and bail rules; and information deficits all skew bargaining. In addition, psychological biases and heuristics warp judgments: overconfidence, denial, discounting, risk preferences, loss aversion, framing, and anchoring all affect bargaining decisions. Skilled lawyers can partly counteract some of these problems but sometimes overcompensate. The oversimplified shadow-of-trial model of plea bargaining must thus be supplemented by a structural-psychological perspective. In this perspective, uncertainty, money, self-interest, and demographic variation greatly influence plea bargains. Some of these influences can be ameliorated, others are difficult to correct, but each casts light on how civil and criminal bargaining differ in important respects.
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页码:2463 / 2547
页数:85
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