Fault zone composition, structures and physical properties are the keys to understand the fault deformation mechanisms and earthquake generation processes. Seismic and aseismic slip behaviors are essential to learn about fault zone seismicity and mountain uplift processes, which provide scientific basis for Earthquake prevention and disaster reduction. Based on surface outcrop investigation and detailed research on the drilling cores of the Wenchuan earthquake Fault Scientific Drilling (WFSD), fault zone characteristics, microstructures and physical properties of fault rocks were determined, and new knowledge about the fault zone deformation mechanisms and related Longmen Shan uplift are suggested; (1) The Yingxiu-Beichuan fault (YBF) dips to NW with an angle of 65 degrees at shallow depth, consisting of - 1 similar to 80-280 m-wide fault rocks of cataclasite, pseudotachylyte (fossil earthquake) , fault gouge and fault breccia. The fault zone has higher natural gamma and magnetic susceptibility, lower electrical resistivity and wave velocity, and a symmetrical fracture structure. Gouge graphitization and high magnetic susceptibility are observed in the fault zone due to the high temperature generated by ancient seismic faulting, indicating large earthquakes happened frequently along this fault. Large earthquakes (as Wenchuan earthquake) recurrence period is less than 6000-10000 years since late Cenozoic, charactered with millennium recurrence period. (2) The Guanxian-Anxian fault (GAF) dips to NW with an angle of 38 degrees degrees consisting of -similar to 0-50 m -thick fault breccia and fault gouge with lower magnetic susceptibility. Multi-scale structural analyzes show that the brittle fault rocks display characteristics of pressolution and ductile-like structures, indicating that the GAF is an aseismic fault with long-term creeping properties. Besides, phyllosilicates-nrih gouge and pervasive micropores are responsible for weakening the GAF. The physical properties of the GAF are similar to that of the YBF, except the lower magnetic susceptibility. (3) Based on the empirical formula between fault displacement and fault core thickness, and taking the fault occurrences into consideration, a cumulative vertical displacement of >9 km is roughly estimated for the YBF, whereas that of the GAF is <3 km. Therefore, the accumulative vertical displacement generated by the long-term seismicity of the YBF is the main contribution to the Longmen Shan uplift.
