Civil Disobedience Revisited. Problematicity, current situation and boundaries of its Concept

This article analyzes the problematique posed by the concept of civil disobedience. In particular, the author focuses on its appropriation by liberal thought and its use as an ideological-political tool for neuturalizing social protest, notwithstanding post-conventional conceptualizations of authors such as Rawls and Dworkin, who propose the constitutional justification of this mechanism. The article goes on to explore complementary ideas offered by heterodox and post-Habermasian Marxism, including civil disobedience as symbolic praxis (third Frankfurt School), the resistance of the multitude (Negri and Hardt), and counter-majority contestation (Republicanism). The author also revisits the notions of exodus and ethical violence in cases in which liberal democracy adopts traces of authoritarianism that violate the right of participation of minority groups.