Idiopathic pericardial effusion in a dog

A nine-year old male Labrador cross was presented for severe lethargy and ptyalism. Clinical examination revealed hypovolaemic shock and suspected hypotension. A diagnosis of idiopathic pericardial effusion was established using cardiac auscultation, thoracic radiographs, ultrasonography and cytological analysis of pericardial effusion. The electrocardiographic trace revealed a paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia, which is relatively rare in cases of idiopathic pericardial effusion. Pericardocentesis was realised to reduce the tamponade. Routine support therapy was instigated. The dog had a fatal relapse one year later. The article discusses the diagnostic tools under development and different possible treatments.