Patterns of Racial Diversity and Segregation in the United States: 1990-2010

被引:81
|
作者
Wright, Richard [1 ]
Ellis, Mark [2 ,3 ]
Holloway, Steven R. [4 ]
Wong, Sandy [5 ]
机构
[1] Dartmouth Coll, Hanover, NH 03755 USA
[2] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
[3] Univ Washington, Ctr Studies Demog & Ecol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
[4] Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA
[5] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
来源
PROFESSIONAL GEOGRAPHER | 2014年 / 66卷 / 02期
基金
美国国家科学基金会;
关键词
demographic change; diversity; scale; segregation; cambio demografico; diversidad; escala; segregacion;
D O I
10.1080/00330124.2012.735924
中图分类号
P9 [自然地理学]; K9 [地理];
学科分类号
0705 ; 070501 ;
摘要
The growing ethnic and racial diversity of the United States is evident at all spatial scales. One of the striking features of this new mixture of peoples, however, is that this new diversity often occurs in tandem with racial concentration. This article surveys these new geographies from four points of view: the nation as a whole, states, large metropolitan areas, and neighborhoods. The analysis at each scale relies on a new taxonomy of racial composition that simultaneously appraises both diversity and the lack thereof (Holloway, Wright, and Ellis 2012). Urban analysis often posits neighborhood racial segregation and diversity as either endpoints on a continuum of racial dominance or mirror images of one another. We disturb that perspective and stress that segregation and diversity must be jointly understoodthey are necessarily related, although not as inevitable binary opposites. Using census data from 1990, 2000, and 2010, the research points to how patterns of racial diversity and dominance interact across varying spatial scales. This investigation helps answer some basic questions about the changing geographies of racialized groups, setting the stage for the following articles that explore the relationship between geography and the participation of underrepresented groups in higher education. ?????????????, ???????????????????????????????, ????????????????????????: ???????????????????????????????????, ??????????? (Holloway, Wright, and Ellis 2012)????????????????????????????????????????, ??????????????????, ????????????????????????????, ???????????1990??2000??2010??????, ??????????????????????????????????????????????, ????????????????????????????????? El aumento de la diversidad etnica y racial en los Estados Unidos es evidente en todas las escalas espaciales. Sin embargo, uno de los aspectos mas notables de esta nueva proliferacion de pueblos es que la diversidad resultante concurre a menudo con concentracion racial. Este articulo examina estas nuevas geografias a partir de cuatro puntos de vista: la nacion como un todo, los estados, areas metropolitanas grandes y vecindarios. En cada escala el analisis se apoya en una nueva taxonomia de la composicion racial que simultaneamente toma en consideracion tanto la diversidad, como la falta de esta (Holloway, Wright, and Ellis 2012). Frecuentemente, el analisis urbano considera la segregacion racial del vecindario y la diversidad, o como los puntos terminales en un continuo de dominio racial, o como imagenes reflejadas del uno y el otro. Nos apartamos de tal perspectiva y enfatizamos que la segregacion y la diversidad deben entenderse conjuntamenteestan necesariamente relacionadas, aunque no como binarios inevitablemente opuestos. Utilizando datos censales de 1990, 2000 y 2010, la investigacion destaca como los patrones de diversidad racial y dominio interactuan a traves de variadas escalas espaciales. Esta investigacion ayuda a despejar algunas de las cuestiones basicas sobre las cambiantes geografias de grupos racializados, alistando el escenario para los siguientes articulos que exploran la relacion entre la geografia y la participacion de grupos mal representados en la educacion superior.
引用
收藏
页码:173 / 182
页数:10
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