In this paper we analyze the long-time behavior of 3-dimensional Ricci flow with surgery. We prove that under the topological condition that the initial manifold only has non-aspherical or hyperbolic components in its geometric decomposition, there are only finitely many surgeries and the curvature is bounded by Ct(-1) for large t. This proves a conjecture of Perelman for this class of initial topologies. The proof of this fact illustrates the fundamental ideas that are used in the subsequent papers of the author.