Nutritional status assessment of patients with leg ulcers

Introduction. Nutritional deficiencies may delay the wound healing process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of protein malnutrition in patients presenting with a leg ulcers and to determine which clinical data can predict malnutrition on population. Patients and methods. This prospective survey included community patients, hospitalized in rehabilitation care unit for treatment of a leg ulcer unhealed for at least 3 months. Clinical, anthropometric and biological data were collected on admission. Results. Sixty-six patients, mean age 72.9 +/- 16.3 years, were included. Fifty-three p. 100 presented wound surfaces over 30 cm(2); 59 P. 100 of the ulcers had lasted for more than one year; 62 p. 100 of the ulcers were venous. 48.5 p. 100 of the patients exhibited protein malnutrition defined by biological criteria, associated with an inflammatory syndrome in 66 p. 100. Anemia and an inflammatory syndrome were present in respectively 59 and 58 p. 100 of the patients. Neither anthropometric measurements nor nutritional intake or wound characteristics significantly differenced between patients with malnutrition or not. Hypoalbuminemia was significantly more frequent and severe in patients aged over 70. Discussion. Protein malnutrition prevalence is very high in patients with leg ulcers, particularly in the elderly. Since nutritional interview or clinical data failed to predict protein malnutrition, systematic biological assessment is justified in all patients with leg ulcers.