Evaluation of non-synonym mutation in DGAT1 K232A as a marker for milk production traits in Ongole cattle and Murrah buffalo from Southern India

Various candidate genes have been reported to affect milk yield and composition in dairy cattle. A non-synonymous mutation in the DGAT1 gene, i.e., K232A was reported to have a strong association with milk yield and milk composition of Bos taurus. A study has been undertaken on 502 unrelated individuals belonging to indigenous Ongole cattle, crossbred cattle, and Murrah buffaloes from the Indian sub-continent with the objective to determine the polymorphism of the K232A locus and their association with milk yield and composition. Typing DGAT1 K232A allelic variation by PCR-RFLP using CfrI restriction enzyme revealed three genotypes in crossbred cattle. Genotype KK was more prevalent (0.60) in Jersey crossbred, whereas in Holstein Friesian crossbred it was KA genotype (0.48). In Ongole cattle and Murrah buffaloes, the locus did not exhibit polymorphism. The least-square mean of milk yields pooled over lactations across the DGAT1 variants was significantly (P < 0.05) higher among the homozygous (AA) genotypes, both in Jersey crossbred and HF crossbred cattle after adjusting for the effects of farm, parity, and season. The fat, SNF, and protein content values of AA genotypes were less than the KK genotypes in both the genetic groups (P > 0.05). The fixation of the DGAT1(K) allele at the locus in Bos indicus cattle and Bubalus bubalis in the present study did not support its use as a reliable universal marker for milk production and composition traits.