Pseudocolour encoding of holographic images by lensless one-step rainbow holography with a synthesized slit is proposed. When a different portion of the object is recorded the reference wave is incident at a different angle theta and during each exposure the incident angle changes continuously around this angle theta. The pseudocolour holographic image is obtained by white-light reconstruction of the lensless one-step rainbow hologram with synthesized slit. The basic advantage of this technique is the elimination of a narrow slit and a lens in the encoding process. The theoretical analysis and experimental result are presented.