FORMS OF CITIZENSHIP AND MULTICULTURALISM

The author considers the evolution of the concept of citizenship from Marshall's dynamic and relationist concept of citizenship, through development of "welfare citizenship", to the new discussions focussed around the problem of integration, crisis of national state and communitarian concepts of multiculturalism. In his intention to show that the very concept of citizenship is contested despite its inclination to universality, the author special concern to the consideration of the three different and counterposed concepts of citizenship within respective traditions: liberal, civil-republican and communitarian. Particularly are considered the changes in the views from the traditional model of republican citizenship, modelled on the active participation in public sphere, towards the passive, consumer version of citizenship, which transforms citizenship in status and entitlement to the set of passively enjoyed rights. At the end theories of multiculturalism are considered which valorise differentiation and identity, based oil communitarian values and so represent citizenship as synonym for the claims for cultural identity. In that framework special problem of minorities and challenges which multiculturalism poses to the concept of citizenship.