Attitudes toward suicide among college students in South Korea and the United States

Background: South Korea (hereafter, Korea) has witnessed a rapid increase in its suicide rate over the past few decades and currently reports the highest rate among Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries. Conversely, the United States has maintained its suicide rate near the OECD average. The present study examines and compares attitudes toward suicide among college students in either country to explain the higher prevalence of suicide in Korea. Findings: Non-Korean students in the United States, Korean students in the United States, and Korean students in Korea completed a web-based questionnaire on Attitudes Toward Suicide (ATTS). A series of two-way 3 x 2 between subjects Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) tests of the participants' group and gender, as well as post-hoc comparisons, were conducted to examine differences across various attitude domains. As expected, the results revealed group differences in the majority of attitude areas. Most notably, students in Korea reported more permissive attitudes toward suicide and were less likely to believe in the right to prevent others' suicide. Gender did not have an effect on any attitudes except on the right to prevent suicide and there were no interactions between group and gender. Conclusions: The results suggest the importance of addressing public attitudes toward suicide in future suicide prevention efforts in Korea.