Some Recent Advances in the Design and Use of Molecular Balances for the Experimental Quantification of Intramolecular Noncovalent Interactions of π Systems

Herein, various molecular balances used for comparing the strengths of intramolecular noncovalent interactions are reviewed. Our overview indicates that considerable quantitative insight into the strength of noncovalent interactions can be gained through the careful design of molecular balances. Many exciting opportunities certainly exist for the design of further new balances to quantify and dissect the relative strengths of noncovalent interactions as a function of solvation and the importance of the many factors that contribute to overall molecular recognition. However, even simple model molecules can show a multiplicity of intramolecular noncovalent interactions acting in a combined fashion. It is therefore essential to undertake a detailed computational analysis to identify all possible noncovalent interactions present in a selected molecular balance prior to a quantitative experimental assessment of the strength of a particular noncovalent interaction. It is also argued that the words "torsion" and "molecular balance" seem to have become inextricably linked and, in consequence, even top pan and seesaw balances have been mistakenly referred to in these terms.