Globally, the incidence of food borne illness is increasing. Governments around the world are increasingly acknowledging the importance of food safety as a public health and safety issue. Major reform of Australia's food regulatory system was approved by the Council of Australian Governments (COAG) on 3 November 2000. State and Territory Premiers signed an Inter-Governmental Agreement giving effect to the new food regulatory system. This Agreement forms the basis for a more streamlined, efficient and nationally focused food regulatory system for Australia that will enhance public health and safety. These reforms are outlined, including progress to date, and implementation of the Food Safety Standards discussed in the broader context of the reforms.