Derivatization in mass spectrometry - 4. Formation of cyclic derivatives

This fourth in a series of reviews describes a further common derivatization approach, namely, the formation of cyclic derivatives (cyclic acetals and ketals, boronates, siliconides, carbonates and other miscellaneous derivatives) that can be used to increase volatility and to improve chromatographic and, if possible, the mass spectral properties of various di- and polyfunctional compounds. Some chemical aspects of this type of derivatization are briefly discussed. Characteristic mass spectral features of various cyclic derivatives that are helpful in the structure determination, profiling and quantitation of multifunctional organic compounds are presented. Some recent analytical applications of mass spectrometry, in conjunction with preliminary cyclic derivative formation, are given.