Seed-specific identification of Larix gmelinii, Larix olgensis, and Larix principis-rupprechtii using sequence-characterised amplified region markers

Larix gmelinii, Larix olgensis, and Larix principis-rupprechtii are the three native and sympatric larch species in North China, and each of these species has a distinctive ecological niche. It is difficult to identify them based only on certain morphological characters, particularly the seed appearance. In this study, the seed endosperms of these three larch species were analysed using the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique to screen for interspecific differences. The following three RAPD markers linked to speciesspecific segments were observed in the different species: 1475-bp (Larix gmelinii and L. olgensis), 505-bp (Larix principis-rupprechtii), and 1121-bp (Larix gmelinii) markers. The three seed-specific fragments amplified by the RAPD markers were sequenced, and the sequences were used to design and synthesise species-specific SCAR markers. The size of the SCAR fragments was concordant with that of the RAPD species-specific fragments. Therefore, these SCAR markers can be used to identify the seeds of different larch species, thereby providing a new molecular tool for the identification of larch seeds that leads to considerable savings in terms of time and economic resources. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.