Low temperature growth of highly conductive boron-doped germanium thin films by electron cyclotron resonance chemical vapor deposition

The effect of the doping ratio (B2H6/GeH4) on the structural and electrical properties of boron doped hydrogenated germanium films deposited by the electron cyclotron resonance chemical vapor deposition process has been investigated. By increasing the flow rate of B2H6/GeH4 from 0.025 to 0.125, more boron related radicals are available to desorb hydrogen atoms from the growing surface. This leads to degradation of the structure of the amorphous phase identified by Raman and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy. The incorporation of boron enhances the carrier concentration from 1.65 x 10(19) cm(-3) to 2.25 x 10(20) cm(-3) and reduces the resistivity from 0.131 Omega.cm to 0.018 Omega.cm as measured by Hall measurement. These highly conductive boron-doped hydrogenated Ge films can be useful as low resistance doped layer in devices to achieve better performance. Moreover, we are able to deposit highly conductive boron-doped Ge films at a low growth temperature (180 degrees C) and low hydrogen dilution ratio (H-2/GeH4 = 33), in this study. Such a low temperature process can overcome some problems with high temperature deposition process that limit application in devices. Furthermore, the low hydrogen dilution ratio can minimize an ion bombardment effect on the films. Published by Elsevier B.V.