Dynamics and thermodynamics of toxic metals adsorption onto soil-extracted humic acid

Humic acids, HA represent a large portion of natural organic matter in soils, sediments and waters. They are environmentally important materials due to their extensive ubiquity and strong complexation ability, which can influence heavy metal removal and transportation in waters. The thermodynamics and kinetics of the adsorption of Cd-II and Cr-VI onto solid soil-derived HA have been investigated at optimum conditions of pH (5.5 +/- 0.1), metal concentration (10-100 mmol L-1) and different temperatures (293-323 K). The suitability of adsorption models such as Freundlich and Langmuir to equilibrium data was investigated. The adsorption was well described by Langmuir isotherm model in multi-detectable steps. Adsorption sites, i (i = A, B, C) with different capacities, v(i) are characterized. The stoichiometric site capacity is independent of temperature and equilibrium constant, K-i. Adsorption sites A and B are selectively occupied by Cr-VI cations while sites A and C are selectively occupied by Cd-II cations. The thermodynamic parameters of adsorption systems are correlated for each adsorption step. The adsorption is endothermic, spontaneous and favorable. Different kinetic models are applied and the adsorption of these heavy metals onto HA follows pseudo-second-order kinetics and equilibrium is achieved within 24 h. The adsorption reaction is controlled by diffusion processes and the type of the adsorption is physical. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.