Maladaptive Emotional Schemas and Emotional Functioning: Evaluation of an Integrated Model Across Two Independent Samples

Recent advancements in emotion theory propose that emotional schemas-individualized conceptualizations and beliefs about emotions-serve a fundamental function in guiding emotional processes. To critically assess the validity of this suggestion, the current research proposed and evaluated an integrative model of emotional functioning. Two studies were completed using a combination of behavioral (Mirror Tracing Persistence Task), performance-based (Perception of Affect Task), and self-report (Leahy Emotional Schema Scale-II, Cognitive-Behavioral Avoidance Scale, Generalized Expectancy for Negative Mood Regulation Scale, UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale) measures of maladaptive emotional schemas and emotional functioning. Results supported the model and suggested complex interrelations between maladaptive emotional schemas, emotion-processing deficits, avoidant coping, emotion-regulation ineffectiveness, and behavioral dysregulation, with emotional schemas playing a key role in guiding emotional experience and functioning. Given the centrality of beliefs about emotion and emotional functioning in empirically supported therapies, the proposed model may inform future research on mechanisms of change in these treatments.