Large eddy simulation of turbulent flow in the forest canopy and the forest boundary layer

Based on a large eddy simulation (LES) model with anisotropy subgrid scale closure model and an explicit multi-stage third-order Runge-Kutta scheme, the drag term on momentum, the heat source term and the production term of turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) imposed by the canopy elements are introduced to the LES equations to simulate the meteorological field in the forest canopy and the forest boundary layer. The analysis of simulation results and the comparison with observational data show that the LES model simulates the turbulent flow in forest canopy and forest boundary layer very well. Further research indicates that, under unstable stratification, the turbulent structure of Kinking and Pairing in the dense forest canopy, together with the large eddy structure in forest boundary layer, forms the temperature ramp near the forest canopy.